bartolomé de las casas wikipedia español

Pentsa ezazue, zaudeten egoeran, ezin duzuela zeuen burua gehiago salbatu, Jesukristoren federik ez duten eta nahi ez duten mairu eta turkoek baino. Horrek sakon markatu zuen eta bere Mundu Berriko misioa zein zen auzitan jarri zuen. Las Casas appointed a vicar for his diocese and set out for Europe in December 1546, arriving in Lisbon in April 1547 and in Spain on November 1547. Las Casasek Espainiara itzultzea erabaki zuen 1547an, metropolitik indiarren ongizatearen alde borrokatzeko. They surpassed also the English and the French and some of the people of our own Spain; and they were incomparably superior to countless others, in having good customs and lacking many evil ones. ... Like one who kills a son before his father's eyes is the man who offers sacrifice from the property of the poor. When his preaching met with resistance, he realized that he would have to go to Spain to fight there against the enslavement and abuse of the native people. [50], Also in 1536, before venturing into Tuzulutlan, Las Casas went to Oaxaca, Mexico, to participate in a series of discussions and debates among the bishops of the Dominican and Franciscan orders. Las Casasek indiarrak bakean zibilizatu zitezkeela eta euren askatasuna errespeta zitekeela argudiatzen zuten, Jainkoak, gizon zuriari eman zizkion talentu berberak eman zizkielako. All warfare was illegal and unjust and only through the papal mandate of peacefully bringing Christianity to heathen peoples could "Just Titles" be acquired. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman then became a Dominican friar and priest. Las Casas wrote a treatise called "De unico vocationis modo" (On the Only Way of Conversion) based on the missionary principles he had used in Guatemala. Bartolomé de las Casas (bahasa Spanyol: [bartoloˈme ðe las ˈkasas] (); kr. Esaiezue, zer eskubide eta zuzenbidez dauzkazue indiar hauek hain morrontza krudel eta izugarrian? Las Casas returned to Guatemala in 1537 wanting to employ his new method of conversion based on two principles: 1) to preach the Gospel to all men and treat them as equals, and 2) to assert that conversion must be voluntary and based on knowledge and understanding of the faith. Xii+234. Historia de las Indias lanean, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias delakoan baino zehatz eta luzeago kontatu zituen indiarren aurkako sarraskiak. The king also promised not to give any encomienda grants in Las Casas's area. Isabel I.a Gaztelako erreginak jakin zuenean Kolon indioak esklabu egiten ari zela, bere menekoak horrela tratatu ez zitzatela agindu zuen, baizik eta koroaren beste menekoen eran; eta indiarrak esklabu zituzten guztiak heriotza zigorrarekin zigortzeko agindua ere eman zuen. £53 (cloth), £13.99 (paper). He made up his mind to give up his slaves and encomienda, and started to preach that other colonists should do the same. Las Casas hotz hartu zuten La Españolan. They were not impressed by his account, and Las Casas had to find a different avenue of change. [91][92] It was in the History of the Indies that Las Casas finally regretted his advocacy for African slavery, and included a sincere apology, writing, "I soon repented and judged myself guilty of ignorance. Bertako agure batek adierazi zuenez, gizon batek gizateria salbatu zuen, pertsonak eta animaliak kutxa batean sartuz. Frai Domingo de Betanzosen aholkuari jaramon egin eta Santo Domingoko komentu dominikarrean sartu zen. Las Casas's group of friars established a Dominican presence in Rabinal, Sacapulas and Cobán. Kubaren konkistan egindako ekintzen sari, Bartolome de Las Casasek 1514an beste indiar enkomienda bat jaso zuen Canarreon, Arimao ibaiaren ertzean, Cienfuegosetik gertu. 1519an, Indietako legedia erreformatzeko oroitza-txostena idazteko eskatu zion, baina gaixotasun batek Sauvage jo eta hil egin zuen. They stayed in the convent founded some years earlier by Fray Domingo Betanzos and studied the K'iche' language with Bishop Francisco Marroquín, before traveling into the interior region called Tuzulutlan, "The Land of War", in 1537. While waiting, Las Casas produced a report that he presented to the Bishop of Burgos, Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, and secretary Lope Conchillos, who were functionaries in complete charge of the royal policies regarding the Indies; both were encomenderos. Primeiros Anos. Han ongi hartu zuten frantziskotarrek. Bartolomé de Las Casas, (1484–1566), Mitglied des Dominikanerordens und Jurist in den spanischen Kolonien in Amerika; Bartolomé de Las Casas (Film), österreichischer Fernsehfilm von Michael Kehlmann (1992) Bartolomé de las Casas (Formosa), Ort in Argentinien Bartolomé de las Casas (Mexiko), Ort im Municipio La Grandeza, Mexiko Adrianok ere eman zuen bere idazkien berri, Erregeordeari bidali zizkion. Nolabaiteko ardurarekin gobernatzen zuen, osasungarritasun publiko egokia mantentzea bezalako arauekin, eta zamalanetako animaliak askatzen ez uztea. Hilabete batzuk geroago, Juan Garces gotzainak Tlascalara joateko gonbita egin zion. Hala ere, bere lehen meza 1510ean esan zuen Concepción de la Vegan. [111] He is also often cited as a predecessor of the liberation theology movement. quoted from, Las Casas's retraction of his views on African slavery is expressed particularly in chapters 102 and 129, Book III of his, Also translated and published in English as. 2001ean Eliza katolikoak Bartolome de las Casasen beatifikazio prozesua hasi zuen. For this reason it was a pressing matter for Bartolomé de las Casas to plead once again for the Indians with Charles V who was by now Holy Roman Emperor and no longer a boy. Pando Mirandak dioenez, "Loreak eta kandela-argi ugari izan zen komentuko elizan, intsentsu-lainoak, urrea eta zetak sagarapena egin zuten apezpikuen apaingarri sakratuetan, Kordobakoa, Trujillokoa eta Loaisa kardinalaren iloba bat". [42] He suggested fortifying the northern coast of Venezuela, establishing ten royal forts to protect the Indians and starting up a system of trade in gold and pearls. Las Casas worked there in adverse conditions for the following months, being constantly harassed by the Spanish pearl fishers of Cubagua island who traded slaves for alcohol with the natives. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". Horretarako, beren etorrera ospatu zuten eta aginduak beharrezkoak zirela sinetsarazi zieten, bestela indiarrak matxinatu egingo zirela eta, gainera, ohitura zaharkituak zituztela. Cisnerosek arreta osoa eskaini zion Las Casasi, hainbat aldiz entzun zuen. Felipe printzeari eskainitako obra da (geroago panfletotzat hartua) eta Ameriketan espainiarrek kolonizatzeak indigenentzat izan zituen ondorioen salaketa du gai orokorra. The colonists, led by Diego Columbus, dispatched a complaint against the Dominicans to the King, and the Dominicans were recalled from Hispaniola.[21][22]. Hiriaren birkonkista eta gero bertan jarri zen bitzitzen zen eta Casaux abizenaren ordez, Las Casas abizena bereganatu zuen. Las Casas oli aikansa ristiriitaisimpia henkilöitä. Beste Las Casas bati, Errege Zedula bidez, Tenerife eta La Palmaren konkista eta konkistatuko zituzkeen lur guztiak eman zitzaizkion. Bobadilla, lehenago, Kolon ikertzeko izapidegile karguan bidali zuten. Gainontzeko kristauek Araiako penintsulara ihes egin ahal izan zuten, handik Cubaguara eta ondoren Santo Domingora. Conhecido em português como Frei Bartolomeu de las Casas (em espanhol: Fray Bartolomé de las Casas), [1] era filho de um modesto comerciante de Tarifa, na Andaluzia.Participou da segunda viagem de Cristóvão Colombo.Havia feito estudos de latim e de humanidades em Salamanca.Partiu para a ilha de Hispaniola ou La Española na expedição de Nicolás de Ovando, em … Las Casas himself was granted the official title of Protector of the Indians, and given a yearly salary of one hundred pesos. The annual festival is April 30-May 4. It found its final form in 1561, when he was working in the Colegio de San Gregorio. In 1551 he rented a cell at the College of San Gregorio, where he lived with his assistant and friend Fray Rodrigo de Ladrada. Las Casas Yaiquimotik Santo Domingora joan zen, eta, iritsi zenean, bere misioaren porrotaren berri izan zuen eta depresioak jo zuen. Las Casasek, indiarrek, antzinako greziar eta erromatarrek bezala, arrazoimena zutela babestu zuen eta, izaki arrazionalak izaki, gizakiak zirela. Even though he repented that position later in his life and included an apology in his History of the Indies,[104] some later criticism held him responsible for the institution of the Atlantic slave trade. Why do you keep them so oppressed and exhausted, without giving them enough to eat or curing them of the sicknesses they incur from the excessive labor you give them, and they die, or rather you kill them, in order to extract and acquire gold every day. ‘’Todas las gentes del mundo son hombres’’ El gran debate entre Fray Bartolomé de las Casas (1474-1566) y Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (1490-1573). Burgosen 1512an bildu zen batzar horretatik, eta, ondoren, 1513an bildu zenetik, indiarrak defendatzeko lehen arauak sortu ziren, eta ondoren sortu ziren arauekin batera, Indietako Legeak eratu zituzten, historiako lehen giza eskubideen legedia. Pazko meza batean, Sancti Spiritusen zegoela, sermoi bat eman zuen, indiarrekiko tratu txarrak gaitzetsiz. [100], Las Casas has also often been accused of exaggerating the atrocities he described in the Indies, some scholars holding that the initial population figures given by him were too high, which would make the population decline look worse than it actually was, and that epidemics of European disease were the prime cause of the population decline, not violence and exploitation. Koroak Tierra Firmerako (gaur egun Kolonbiak, Venezuelak eta Panamako itsmoak osatzen duten lur zatirako) kolonizazio plan bat enkargatu zion. It covers a terrain of 1229km2. He is the subject of the poetic sequence "Homage to Bartolomé de Las Casas" by the American poet Daniel Tobin, which appears in his book Double Life. In 1531, he wrote a letter to Garcia Manrique, Count of Osorno, protesting again the mistreatment of the Indians and advocating a return to his original reform plan of 1516. Arriving in Spain he was met by a barrage of accusations, many of them based on his Confesionario and its 12 rules, which many of his opponents found to be in essence a denial of the legitimacy of Spanish rule of its colonies, and hence a form of treason. Ondoren, Juan Rodríguez de Fonsecarekin izan zuen elkarrizketa, eta hark, bere alegatua entzun zuenean, esan zion berari ez zitzaiola batere axola, ergel hutsa zela horrelako kontuek kezkatzen bazuten. Sepúlveda was a doctor of theology and law who, in his book Democrates Alter, sive de justis causis apud Indos (Another Democrates /or A New Democrates, or on the Just Causes of War against the Indians) had argued that some native peoples were incapable of ruling themselves and should be pacified forcefully. Las Casasek Nikaragua uztea erabaki zuen eta Guatemalara joan zen. GARCÍA, EMILIO. He wrote a letter asking for permission to stay in Spain a little longer to argue for the emperor that conversion and colonization were best achieved by peaceful means. [d][114] He was among the first to develop a view of unity among humankind, stating that "All people of the world are humans," and that they had a natural right to liberty – a combination of Thomist rights philosophy with Augustinian political theology. Espainiarrek onartu egin zuten. Bartolomé de Las Casas (1484 – 1566), known as the Apostle of the Indies, was a 16th century Spanish priest and writer, and the first Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico.Las Casas was the Dominican priest who condemned the treatment of Indians in the Spanish empire. Eliza bat sortu zen hirian, Deikundearen eliza. He later wrote: "I saw here cruelty on a scale no living being has ever seen or expects to see. 1523an, urtebeteko nobizio-aldiaren ondoren, Predikarien Ordenan edo domingotar fraideen ordenan lan egin zuen. "La psicología crítica de Fray Bartolomé de las Casas: caracterización apologética de los indígenas y elucidación lógica del racismo". This was meant simply to halt the decimation of the Indian population and to give the surviving Indians time to reconstitute themselves. Renteriari idatzi zion eta itzultzeko eskatu, Gaztelara itzuli nahi zuela. Bertakoek erasoz erantzun zieten espainiarrei, eta, haserre horren aurrean, Espainiara itzultzeko itsasoratzea erabaki zuten. 1545eko otsailaren amaieran hartu zuen Bartolomek kargua, eta martxoaren 20an gutun bat argitaratu zuen, esanez indiarrak askatzen ez zituzten eta indiarrei enkomienden bidez ebatsia itzultzen ez zieten espainiar guztiei absoluzioa ukatuko zitzaiela. He ended up leaving in November 1520 with just a small group of peasants, paying for the venture with money borrowed from his brother in-law. [10] His father, Pedro de las Casas, a merchant, descended from one of the families that had migrated from France to found the Christian Seville; his family also spelled the name Casaus. [35] In keeping with the legal and moral doctrine of the time Las Casas believed that slavery could be justified if it was the result of Just War, and at the time he assumed that the enslavement of Africans was justified. Las Casas's enemies slandered him to the king, accusing him of planning to escape with the money to Genoa or Rome. That said, finding fifty men willing to invest 200 ducats each and three years of unpaid work proved impossible for Las Casas. Español: Bartolomé de las Casas O.P. Bertakoek eliza bat eraikitzea onartu zuten, baina Cobaneko beste kazike batek eliza erre zuen. His party made it as far as Panama, but had to turn back to Nicaragua due to adverse weather. Berari buruz eta aborigenen ongizatea lortzeko egin zituen ahaleginei buruz bazekitela esan zioten Las Casasi. Eztabaida hori Montesinosek La Española uhartean 1511ko abenduan egindako sermoietan oinarritu zen. mendearen hasieran Antonio de Herrera kronista nagusiak Las Casasen lana erabili zuen bere Historia general de los hechos de los castellanos idazteko. Babası orta halli bir tacirdir ve Kristof Kolomb'un ikinci yolculuğuna katılmıştır. The account was one of the first attempts by a Spanish writer of the colonial era to depict the unfair treatment that the indigenous people endured during the early stages of the Spanish conquest of the Greater Antilles, particularly the island of Hispaniola. He put his faith in his coming audience with the king, but it never came, for King Ferdinand died on January 25, 1516. [97], One persistent point of criticism has been Las Casas's repeated suggestions of replacing Indian with African slave labor. His influence at court was so great that some even considered that he had the final word in choosing the members of the Council of the Indies. Eskaria bete zuen, baina bere oinordekoa zen Pedro de Vadilloren etsaitasuna areagotu zuen, eta espetxeratzea lortu. Indiarrak Las Casasen ausentziaz baliatu eta, 1522ko urtarrilaren 10ean, misioa eraso eta su eman zioten. His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. Hogeita hamar urte zituela, publikoki uko egin zien esplotatu zituen indiarren banaketa eta enkomiendei, eta, ordutik, indiarren defentsan aritu zen. For other uses, see, Spanish Dominican friar, historian, and social reformer, Las Casas and Emperor Charles V: The peasant colonization scheme, "If one sacrifices from what has been wrongfully obtained, the offering is blemished; the gifts of the lawless are not acceptable. Veracruzetik bota ondoren Las Casasek gutun luze bat idatzi zion erakunde horri. Devastated, Las Casas reacted by entering the Dominican monastery of Santa Cruz in Santo Domingo as a novice in 1522 and finally taking holy vows as a Dominican friar in 1523. Las Casas Plasenciara joan zen, une hartan gortea zegoen tokira. 1550eko abuztuan Chiapasko apezpiku kargua utzi zuen eta bere dizipuluetako bat, Fray Tomás Casillas, bere ordezko izenda zezatela lortu zuen. It was republished several times by groups that were critical of the Spanish realm for political or religious reasons. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Lege Berriak betetzen zirela ziurtatzeko, Francisco Tello de Sandoval lizentziaduna bidali zuten Indietara. [118], The small town of Lascassas, Tennessee, in the United States has also been named after him. De Las Casas copied Columbus' diary from his 1492 voyage to modern-day Bahamas. 31 lipca 1566 koło Madrytu) – hiszpański duchowny katolicki, dominikanin, prawnik, kronikarz i obrońca Indian.. Życiorys. Travelling back to Spain to recruit more missionaries, he continued lobbying for the abolition of the encomienda, gaining an important victory by the passage of the New Laws in 1542. One of the stated purposes for writing the account was Las Casas's fear of Spain coming under divine punishment and his concern for the souls of the native peoples. Köleciliğe karşı çıkan Avrupalılardandır. [75], Having resigned the Bishopric of Chiapas, Las Casas spent the rest of his life working closely with the imperial court in matters relating to the Indies. Veracruzen ontziratu zen, Azoreetan geldialdia egin zuen, gero Lisboan lehorreratu zen eta Salamancaraino joan zen. Las Casas resolved to meet instead with the young king Charles I. Ximenez died on November 8, and the young King arrived in Valladolid on November 25, 1517. Barkatu egin zitzaien, eta, esker onez, indiarrek eurek balio handian zituzten bitxi sortak oparitu zizkieten Las Casas eta Narvaezi. Bartolome de las Casas bertan izan zen. This method was championed by prominent Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente, known as "Motolinia", and Las Casas made many enemies among the Franciscans for arguing that conversions made without adequate understanding were invalid. The encomenderos offered to buy the rights to the encomiendas from the Crown, and Charles V was inclined to accept since his wars had left him in deep economic troubles. Eztabaidatu zenaren ondorioz, Karlos I.ak 1542ko azaroaren 20an Lege Berriak aldarrikatu zituen. The two orders had very different approaches to the conversion of the Indians. Bere lanetako batean, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias izenekoan, 1512ko errekerimenduari buruzko aipamen kritiko samarra egin zuen, Fernando II Aragoikoak Burgosko Legeen testuinguruan pregoi ofizial izateko aginduz idatzitako dokumentua (Juan López de Palacios Rubiosek idatzia), Amerikako konkistaren justiziari buruz sortutako eztabaidaren erantzun gisa egina izan zen. [64], The New Laws were finally repealed on October 20, 1545, and riots broke out against Las Casas, with shots being fired against him by angry colonists. [79] Las Casas also appeared as a witness in the case of the Inquisition against his friend Archbishop Bartolomé Carranza de Miranda, who had been falsely accused of heresy. 1515ean Santo Domingora joan zen, La Españolara, Pedro de Cordoba domingotarrarekin hitz egitera. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Las Casas was resolved to see Prince Charles who resided in Flanders, but on his way there he passed Madrid and delivered to the regents a written account of the situation in the Indies and his proposed remedies. Bere misioa aita jeronimotarrei edo gaiaren gaineko jakintza zuten gainerako pertsonei indiarren osasun eta osotasunaren berri ematea zen. As Archbishop Loaysa strongly disliked Las Casas,[62] the ceremony was officiated by Loaysa's nephew, Diego de Loaysa, Bishop of Modruš,[63] with Pedro Torres, Titular Bishop of Arbanum, and Cristóbal de Pedraza, Bishop of Comayagua, as co-consecrators. Aldi berean, Kolon La Españolara iritsi zen bere laugarren bidaian, baina gobernadore berriak, Nikolas Ovandok, ez zion lehorreratzen utzi. Toledo, Segovia, Avila, Zamora, Salamanca eta Valladolid matxinatu egin ziren Karlos V.aren aurka eta horrek Bartolomek bere proiekturako behar zituen Errege Zedulak igortzea moteldu zuen. 1517ko ekainean Espainiara itzuli zen Cisnerosi gauzak aurreikusi bezala ez zihoazela adieraztera. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.[2]. All the Indian slaves of the New World should be brought to live in these towns and become tribute paying subjects to the king. Laster sortu ziren bando bi boterea eskuratzeko. 1537an Paulo III.a aita santuak Sublimis Deus bulda eman zuen, esanez indiarrak ezin zirela esklabo bihurtu eta ez zirela "zuen zerbitzurako sortutako basati bezala tratatu behar, baizik eta benetako gizaki bezala, fede katolikoa ulertzeko gai direnak. Velazquez konbentzitzen saiatu zen, merezitako gizon aberatsaren etorkizuna sortzen ari zela esan zion, baina Las Casas tematu egin zen eta erabakia sekretua izango zela esan zion bere kidea Jamaikatik itzuli arte. Christianity and Freedom: Historical Perspectives. Bere erlijioaz galdetu zion, kristautasunaren antza ote zuen ikertzeko. [56] The encomienda had, in fact, legally been abolished in 1523, but it had been reinstituted in 1526, and in 1530 a general ordinance against slavery was reversed by the Crown. Karabela pare bat ematen zizkioten Cumanara joateko. Frai Bartolome de las Casas, Indiarren apostolua izenez ezaguna, Madrilen hil zen 1566an. Fernando Katolikoa erregearekin hitz egiteko aholkatu zion eta gomendiozko gutun bat eman. Tuvo una formación más bien autodidacta, orientada hacia la teología, la filosofía y el derecho. Urte horren amaieran, Las Casasek Valentzian bere lanik ezagunena idatzi zuen, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias, Filipe II.a printzeari zuzendua, garai hartan Indietako arazoez arduratzen zena. Wars in which you have destroyed such an infinite number of them by homicides and slaughters never heard of before. Alde batean, "Castellanoak" zeuden, Fonseca eta Lope Conchillos gotzainak buru zituztela, eta, beste aldean, "Flamenkoak"; ordezkari, Gaztelako Kantziler Handia, Juan Sauvage; zerbitzari nagusia, Monsieur Xevres eta zerbitzari pribatua, Monsieur Laxao. Karlos V.ak tronua hartzeak Las Casas gortean entzuna izatea ahalbidetu zuen. In a pastoral letter issued on March 20, 1545, Las Casas refused absolution to slave owners and encomenderos even on their death bed, unless all their slaves had been set free and their property returned to them. Bartolome iruzurgilea zela sinetsita zeuden, amaigabeko lanez hil nahi zituela, eta uhartean geratuz gero, haientzat lan egingo zuten indiarrak eta lurrak eskuratzeko aukera izango zutela. The Franciscans used a method of mass conversion, sometimes baptizing many thousands of Indians in a day. Hänen kirjoitustensa syynä pidetään suurelta osin ns. In 1527 he began working on his History of the Indies, in which he reported much of what he had witnessed first hand in the conquest and colonization of New Spain. [96][97] Spanish pro-imperial historians such as Menéndez y Pelayo, Menéndez Pidal, and J. Pérez de Barrada depicted Las Casas as a madman, describing him as a "paranoic" and a monomaniac given to exaggeration,[98] and as a traitor towards his own nation. Las Casas advocated the dismantlement of the city of Asunción and the subsequent gathering of Indians into communities of about 1,000 Indians to be situated as satellites of Spanish towns or mining areas.

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