Au Royaume-Uni, les pouvoirs de réserve de la Couronne ne sont pas explicitement spécifiés dans une loi et sont d'un ressort purement conventionnel mais en Australie, ces pouvoirs sont clairement explicités dans la Constitution mais leur utilisation est sujet à discussion. Lord De L'Isle was Secretary of State for Air in Winston Churchill's cabinet from 1951 to 1955. Le gouverneur général a compétence dans les domaines suivants : Il est président du Conseil exécutif et commandant en chef des forces armées. Il est difficile de qualifier exactement le rôle du gouverneur général. [citation needed] Events surrounding the dismissal remain extremely controversial. The following year, as Ronald Munro Ferguson's term was about to expire, Hughes cabled the Colonial Office and asked that the appointment be made in accordance with the memorandum. Historically the Governor-General has also served as Chief Scout of Australia. Gorton agreed to put the matter to his ministers, and a cabinet meeting agreed that troops should only be called out if requested by the territory's administrator; this did not occur. Le premier gouverneur général fut un ancien gouverneur du Victoria qui était l'ancien gouverneur le plus populaire en Australie, John Hope, comte d'Hopetoun. Son discours lors de l'ouverture de la session parlementaire, dans lequel il explique le programme législatif, a été entièrement rédigé par le gouvernement. Pour une réunion d’affaires efficace, un congrès réussi ou une visite touristique des plus agréables, Hôtels Gouverneur est … This, among other things, led to the Statute of Westminster 1931 and to the formal separation of the Crowns of the Dominions. [19] The current salary is $425,000 and there is a generous pension. Scullin was partially influenced by the precedent set by the Government of the Irish Free State, which always insisted upon having an Irishman as the Governor-General of the Irish Free State. During the 1920s, the importance of the position declined. [21] In 1961, Lord Dunrossil became the first and, to date, only governor-general to die while holding office. The same individuals were also usually either peers, knights, or both (the only Australian peer to be appointed as governor-general was the Lord Casey; and Sir William McKell was knighted only in 1951, some years into his term, but he was entitled to the style "The Honourable" during his tenure as Premier of New South Wales, an office he held until almost immediately before his appointment). In the constitution, the words "Governor-General-in-council" mean the Governor-General acting with the advice of the Council. Le gouverneur général entérine l'élection des députés en recevant de ces derniers leur serment d'allégeance au monarque du Royaume-Uni[1]. Quand il se déplace dans les autres États, il est généralement l'hôte des gouverneurs des États qu'il visite, qui ont leur propre résidence officielle. Le gouverneur général d'Australie (en anglais : Governor-General of Australia[1]) est le représentant du chef de l'État australien, Élisabeth II, reine d'Australie. Toutes ces fonctions sont exercées selon la Constitution australienne et appliquées au nom de la reine. Il est important de savoir que le gouverneur général n'a pas le droit de dissoudre la Chambre des représentants ou le Sénat sans accord du Conseil des ministres. Ils avaient le droit de réserver leur réponse sur les lois votées par le Parlement pour pouvoir demander son avis au Bureau des colonies à Londres. ))[Quoi ?] [45], In addition to the formal constitutional role, the Governor-General has a representative and ceremonial role, though the extent and nature of that role has depended on the expectations of the time, the individual in office at the time, the wishes of the incumbent government, and the individual's reputation in the wider community. The statement was later issued by the Prime Minister's Press Office. Such assent has usually been given during a scheduled visit to Australia by the Queen. Lord Northcote was Governor of Bombay. They include appointing the Chief of the Defence Force and authorising the deployment of troops. They had the right to "reserve" legislation passed by the Parliament of Australia: in effect, to ask the Colonial Office in London for an opinion before giving the royal assent. En tant que représentant de la reine, le gouverneur général exerce certains pouvoirs en vertu des articles 61 et 68 de la Constitution. [14] (Lord Stamfordham had complained that Scullin had "put a gun to the King's head".) Le gouverneur d'Australie-Occidentale (en anglais : Governor of Western Australia) est le représentant en Australie-Occidentale d'Élisabeth II, reine d'Australie. On the day parliament opens, the Governor-General makes a speech, entirely written by the government, explaining the government's proposed legislative program. Selon les conventions du système de Westminster, le gouverneur agit seulement selon les avis du chef du gouvernement, le Premier ministre d'Australie-Occidentale. He later "stepped down over the church's handling" of "allegations" of sexual abuse of boys, for which he apologised before the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in 2016. Le gouverneur général a compétence dans les domaines suivants : Il est président du Conseil exécutif et commandant en chef des forces armées. Quentin Bryce's appointment was announced during her term as Governor of Queensland; she had previously been the Federal Sex Discrimination Commissioner. Former leading politicians and members of the judiciary have figured prominently. [48] There is also a tropical version made of white tropical wool cut in a typical military fashion worn with a plumed helmet. La fonction est occupée par David Hurley depuis le 1er juillet 2019. Since May 2013, the style used by a former governor-general is the Honourable; it was at the same time retrospectively granted for life to all previous holders of the office.[15]. The governor-general is supported by a staff (of 80 in 2018[7]) headed by the official secretary to the governor-general of Australia. le refus de la dissolution de la Chambre des représentants si le Premier ministre lui demande ou le droit de lui demander les raisons détaillées de sa requête. [63] Bill Hayden declined the office on the grounds of his atheism, which was incompatible with the Scout Promise. Il n'y a pas eu pour le moment de gouverneur d'origine autre qu'européenne (notamment pas d'Aborigène). Concernant les dix Australiens désignés depuis 1965, Casey, Paul Hasluck et Bill Hayden étaient députés fédéraux; John Kerr était président de la Cour Suprême[4] de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud; Ninian Stephen et William Deane étaient membres de la Haute Cour ; Zelman Cowen était professeur de droit constitutionnel et vice-chancelier des Universités[5]; Peter Hollingworth était un archevêque anglican, Michael Jeffery était un officier général du corps de réserve et Quentin Bryce était avocat et gouverneur du Queensland. En raison de ses larges compétences, il possède un véritable rôle institutionnel mais aussi un rôle honorifique. L'article 5 établit que le gouverneur général doit fixer les dates de session du Parlement, peut proroger la durée de la session du Parlement, dissoudre la Chambre des représentants. The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, in Australia. A governor-general may be recalled or dismissed by the monarch before their term is complete. The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, in Australia. Lord Stonehaven (as John Baird) was Minister for Transport in the Cabinets of Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin; and after his return to Britain he became Chairman of the UK Conservative Party. In 1986 the letters patent were amended again, and Governors-General appointed from that time were again, ex officio, entitled to the post-nominal AC (although if they already held a knighthood in the Order that superior rank was retained). Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Le gouverneur général dispose de deux résidences officielles : Son salaire est fixé par la Constitution de l'Australie à 10 000 livres par an sauf si le Parlement en décide autrement (article 3). Spouses of Governors-General have no official duties but carry out the role of a Vice-Regal consort. As of July 2019[update] there are six living former Governors-General of Australia. Until 2015, the honour continued after the retirement from office of the governor-general. Liste des gouverneurs d'Australie-Occidentale, Gouverneur-adjoint d'Australie-Occidentale (colonie de la Couronne), Gouverneurs d'Australie-Occidentale (colonie de la Couronne), Gouverneurs d'Australie-Occidentale (colonie autogérée), Gouverneurs d'Australie-Occidentale (État australien), Général de corps d'armée Sir Charles Gairdner, Général de brigade aérienne Sir Hughie Edwards, Général d'armée aérienne Sir Wallace Kyle, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gouverneur_d%27Australie-Occidentale&oldid=166608166, Portail:Australie-Occidentale/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. S'il est officiellement le représentant du monarque auprès du Commonwealth australien, son pouvoir n'est pas un simple pouvoir de représentation. (Le poste de gouverneur ne fut pas occupé de 1931 à 1948. [35] There is some ambiguity with regard to the role of the Governor-General in declarations of war. The independence of the office is highlighted by changes which have been made in recent years to the Royal Instruments relating to it. Lors de cette crise, le gouverneur général, John Kerr, mit fin aux fonctions du gouvernement du Premier ministre Gough Whitlam quand le Sénat vota la défiance au gouvernement qui avait reçu la confiance de la Chambre des représentants. La fonction est créée en 1832 à l'époque où l'Australie-Occidentale est une colonie de la Couronne. [59] The opposition Nationalist Party of Australia denounced the appointment as "practically republican", but Scullin had set a precedent. Despite these precedents, George V remained reluctant to accept Scullin's recommendation of Isaacs and asked him to consider Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood. En 1931, cette évolution fut réalisée avec les nominations du premier haut-commissaire britannique et du premier gouverneur général, Isaac Isaacs. Representative of the monarch of Australia, The office of Governor-General as an agency. That position, though now generally well recognised, undoubtedly represents a development from an earlier stage when the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of His Majesty's Ministers in London and acted also as their representative. Bill Hayden est le seul gouverneur général à refuser tout titre. In practice, the associated powers over the Australian Defence Force are only exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister or Minister for Defence, on behalf of cabinet. As the Balfour Declaration of 1926, later implemented as the Statute of Westminster 1931, put it: It is desirable formally to place on record a definition of the position held by the Governor-General as His Majesty's representative in the Dominions. [60], In 1965 the Menzies conservative government appointed an Australian, Lord Casey, and thereafter only Australians have held the position. The official cars of the Governor-General fly the Flag of the Governor-General of Australia and display St. Edward's Crown instead of number plates. In 1989, Bill Hayden, a republican, declined appointment to the British Privy Council and any imperial honours. By convention, this may only be upon advice from the prime minister, who retains responsibility for selecting an immediate replacement or letting the vacancy provisions take effect. A temporary vacancy occurs when the governor-general is overseas on official business representing Australia. Par convention, il s'agit du plus ancien des gouverneurs d'État en poste qui assure ce rôle de dormant commission (n'intervenant qu'en cas de crise), sans qu'il y ait de vacance du pouvoir. Dans chaque État de l'Australie, le monarque est représenté par un gouverneur, vérifiant les procédures du gouvernement de l'État. The first Governor-General, the Earl of Hopetoun, was a previous Governor of Victoria. Powers exercised in council, which are not reserve powers, include: All such actions are taken on the advice of ministers. However, Scullin stood firm, saying he would be prepared to fight a general election on the issue of whether an Australian should be prevented from becoming governor-general because he was Australian. Section 4 of the constitution allows the Queen to appoint an administrator to carry out the role of governor-general when there is a vacancy. » Les décisions prises en Conseil des ministres ne peuvent pas être l'objet de discussions. [57] These powers remain in the Constitution, but today are regarded as dead letters. "[27], The 1988 Constitutional Commission report explained: "the governor-general is in no sense a delegate of the Queen. Lors de sa prise de fonction, le gouverneur général prête serment d'allégeance à la reine et de respect des règles de sa fonction avant de proclamer son entrée en fonction. According to William McMahon, Harold Holt considered having Lord Casey dismissed from the governor-generalship, and went as far as to have the necessary documents drawn up. This was not because of any lack of regard for Isaacs personally, but because the British government considered that the choice of Governors-General was, since the 1926 Imperial Conference, a matter for the monarch's decision alone. [20] Until 2001, Governors-General did not pay income tax on their salary; this was changed after the Queen agreed to pay tax.[19]. Dans la Constitution, les mots "Governor-General-in-council" signifient : « Le gouverneur général agissant sur proposition du Conseil des ministres. Three Governors-General have resigned their commission. Governor-General Amendment (Salary) Act 2014 (Cth), official secretary to the governor-general of Australia, Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia, Flag of the Governor-General of Australia, Spouse of the Governor-General of Australia, Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia, "Governor-General Amendment Salary Bill 2019", Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia—official website, Official website—the Governor-General's role, "Governor-General pleads for more cash to do his job after budget blowout", "David Hurley named next governor general of Australia", "Governor-General Quentin Bryce backs gay marriage, Australia becoming a republic in Boyer Lecture", The title 'the Honourable' for Governors-General, Prime Minister's media release "A New Honour for Pre-eminent Australians", 25 March 2014, "Former atheist and political leader Bill Hayden baptised at age 85 at St Mary's Church, Ipswich", "Bill Hayden, former Labor leader, turns to God despite atheist past", Herald Sun, 18 June 2008, governor-general Quentin Bryce to get pay rise, "Peter Hollingworth apologises for poor handling of sex abuse complaint", "Australians for Constitutional Monarchy", "The Samuel Griffith Society: Volume 8: Chapter Eight", "House of Representatives Practice (5th Edition)", "Parliamentary involvement in declaring war and deploying forces overseas", "The Governor-General as Commander-in-Chief", "Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration2020", "Human biosecurity emergency declared in Australia", Dress worn at His Majesty's court : issued with the authority of the Lord Chamberlain, "An Australian Head of State: An Historical and Contemporary Perspective", "State visit by Governor-General of New Zealand - statement by the prime minister, Mr William McMahon", "USRS Australia: Blog for the U.S. Mission to Australia", "Australians reject role for Prince William", "Prince William and Prince Harry: A firm foundation for the brothers in arms", Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, Chronology of Australian federal parliaments, List of Acts of the Parliament of Australia, Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia: The Legislature, Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia, Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia: The Executive, Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia, Chapter III of the constitution of Australia: Courts, Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia, Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990, 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis, Enumerated legislative powers (Section 51), (xviii) Copyrights, patents and trademarks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&oldid=979383629, Australia politics and government templates, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, appointing ambassadors and high commissioners, The power to dissolve (or refuse to dissolve) the House of Representatives (section 5), The power to dissolve Parliament on the occasion of a deadlock (section 57), The power to withhold assent to bills (section 58), The power to appoint (or dismiss) ministers (section 64), if an election results in a parliament in which no party has a majority, the Governor-General may select the Prime Minister, if a Prime Minister loses the support of the House of Representatives, the Governor-General may appoint a new Prime Minister, if a Prime Minister advises a dissolution of the House of Representatives, the Governor-General may refuse that request, or request further reasons why it should be granted; it is worth noting that convention does not give the Governor-General the ability to dissolve either the House of Representatives or the Senate without advice, if a Prime Minister advises a dissolution of Parliament on the occasion of a deadlock between the Houses, the Governor-General may refuse that request, if the Governor-General is not satisfied with a legislative bill as presented, they may refuse royal assent, if a Prime Minister resigns after losing a vote of confidence, the Governor-General may select a new replacement contrary to the advice of the outgoing Prime Minister, if a Prime Minister is unable to obtain supply and refuses to resign or advise a dissolution, the Governor-General may dismiss him or her and appoint a new Prime Minister, This page was last edited on 20 September 2020, at 12:27. Jusqu'en 2008, tous les gouverneurs généraux ont été de sexe masculin et de religion chrétienne ou juive (pour Isaac Isaacs et Zelman Cowen). The functions of the governor-general include appointing ministers, judges, and ambassadors; giving royal assent to legislation passed by parliament; issuing writs for election; and bestowing Australian honours.[6]. La nomination proprement dite est faite par la reine. Le salaire annuel du gouverneur actuel est de 365 000 dollars australiens[6]. Le gouverneur détient aussi le pouvoir de proroger ou de dissoudre l'Assemblée législative et le Conseil législatif. La crise constitutionnelle de 1975 permet de rendre compte qu'il est possible d'envisager la possibilité que gouverneur et Premier ministre se destituent l'un l'autre. Formerly, the governor-general automatically became a knight or dame (if he or she was not already one previously) upon being sworn in.[16]. Le Premier ministre d'Australie (en anglais : Prime Minister of Australia, couramment appelé PM ou Prime) est le chef de gouvernement australien et est en pratique le plus important de par ses fonctions de tous les postes politiques du Commonwealth d'Australie. … A similar arrangement is used for the governors of the six states. le refus d'accepter de suivre l'avis donné pour un nouveau Premier ministre par un Premier ministre démissionnaire après un vote de défiance. When the Queen is in Australia, the Queen's Personal Australian Flag is flown on the car in which she is travelling. [3][4] The governor-general is appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of government ministers, however formally appointed by the monarch.